Aelia Capitolina. This was the name given to Jerusalem in the early second century, when Emperor Hadrian, after having crushed the second Jewish revolt and destroyed what remained of the Temple after its destruction by Titus in 70 - ordered the reconstruction of the city in a Roman style.
Its inhabitants became mostly soldiers of the Tenth Legion, stationed in Jerusalem for about 200 years, during which the city took on some traits that are still recognizable today.